2014年5月30日 星期五

June Fourth Incident, Protests in Tiananmen Square, 1989. 六四事件, 天安門廣場抗議

A Chinese man stands alone to block a line of tanks heading east on Beijing's Cangan Boulevard in Tiananmen Square, on on June 5, 1989. The man, calling for an end to violence and bloodshed against pro-democracy demonstrators, was pulled away by bystanders, and the tanks continued on their way. More on this iconic image and the still-anonymous "tank man" here. (AP Photo/Jeff Widener)
A citizen stands passively in front of Chinese tanks in this June 5, 1989, photo taken during the crushing of the Tiananmen Square uprising. (Reuters/Arthur Tsang) #
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Tiananmen Square, Then and Now - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/tiananmen-square-then-and-now/100311/
Credit: REUTERS/Arthur Tsang
A Beijing citizen stands in front of a row of Chinese tanks on the Avenue of Eternal Peace in this June 5, 1989 file photo during the crushing of the Tiananmen Square uprising.
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Discussing Tiananmen Square is still risky after 25 years, even for Chinese students in the US | Public Radio International
http://www.pri.org/stories/2014-05-02/discussing-tiananmen-square-still-risky-after-25-years-even-chinese-students-us
5 June 1989: 'Tank Man' stands in front of a column of tanks in the Avenue of Eternal Peace, the day after the Tiananmen Square uprising was crushedReuters
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Q&A: Stuart Franklin’s View on Tiananmen Square | PROOF
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Tiananmen Square 25th Anniversary: How the Uprising and Massacre Unfolded
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 Three unidentified men flee as a Chinese man, background left, stands alone to block a line of approaching tanks, in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, on June 5, 1989. The man in the background stood his ground and blocked the column of tanks when they came closer, an image captured on film by numerous other photographers and one that ultimately became a widely reproduced symbol of events there. (AP Photo/Terril Jones) #
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Tiananmen Square, Then and Now - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/tiananmen-square-then-and-now/100311/
A Chinese couple on a bicycle take cover beneath an underpass as tanks deploy overhead in eastern Beijing, on June 5, 1989. (AP Photo/Liu Heung Shing) #
Tiananmen Square Massacre (June 3-4 1989)
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AOL.com Article - Flashback to 1989 at Tiananmen Square
http://www.aol.com/article/2014/06/03/flashback-to-1989-at-tiananmen-square/20905813/
Chinese onlookers run away as a soldier threatens them with a gun on June 5, 1989 as tanks took position at Beijing's key intersections next to the diplomatic compound. (Catherine Henriette/AFP/Getty Images) #
A truck drives Chinese soldiers down Chang'an Boulevard in Beijing, on June 5, 1989, one day after violence between government troops and pro-democracy protesters left hundreds dead. (AP Photo/Jeff Widener) #
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Tiananmen Square, Then and Now - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/tiananmen-square-then-and-now/100311/
Jeff Widener/Associated Press
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AP Photographer Jeff Widener's Photos From China's 1989 Crackdown on Protesters in Tiananmen Square - WSJ  http://online.wsj.com/articles/ap-photographer-jeff-wideners-photos-from-chinas-1989-crackdown-on-protesters-in-tiananmen-square-1401273655#7
A crowd of Chinese clears a path to give a busload of foreign tourists a view of a dead body of victim of the first night of violence as People's Liberation Army troops shot their way into Tiananmen Square to crush pro-democracy protests, on Monday morning, June 5, 1989. (AP Photo/Mark Avery) #
Bodies of dead civilians lie among crushed bicycles near Beijing's Tiananmen Square, on June 4, 1989. (AP Photo) #
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Tiananmen Square, Then and Now - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/tiananmen-square-then-and-now/100311/
Bodies of student protesters killed by the People's Liberation Army lie in the Tiananmen Square - June 4, 1989 [681x383]
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Remember Tiananmen square June 4
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June 4, 1989: Terror in Tiananmen Square | Video - ABC News
http://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video/june-1989-terror-tiananmen-square-10827142
Beijing residents inspect the interior of more than 20 armored personnel carriers burned by demonstrators to prevent the troops from moving into Tiananmen Square, on June 4, 1989. (Manuel Ceneta/AFP/Getty Images) #
Civilians hold rocks as they stand on a government armored vehicle near Chang'an Boulevard in Beijing, early on June 4, 1989. Violence escalated between pro-democracy protesters and Chinese troops, leaving hundreds dead overnight. (AP Photo/Jeff Widener) #
An armored personnel carrier, in flames after students set it on fire near Tiananmen Square, on June 4, 1989. (Tommy Cheng/AFP/Getty Images) #
4 June 1989: A blood-covered protester holds a soldier's helmet following violent clashes with military forces in Tiananmen SquareR.euters
4 June 1989: Two injured people are carried out of the square on a bike.AFP
Taken care by others, an unidentified foreign journalist (2nd from right) is carried away from the clash between the army and students near Tiananmen Square, on June 4, 1989. (Tommy Cheng/AFP/Getty Images) #
In the often tense days leading up to June 4, troops would sometimes sing patriotic songs with demonstrators. In this picture taken a few days before troops reclaimed control of the area and crushed the democratic movement, a police officer sang in Tiananmen Square. Mr. Widener says it is one of his favorite photos: 'People were getting irritable and cranky, and that policewomen helped relieve the pressure a bit.'
Jeff Widener/Associated Press
People's Liberation Army (PLA) soldiers leap over a barrier on Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989, during heavy clashes with people and dissident students. The PLA was reportedly under orders to clear the square by 6:00 am, with no exceptions. (Catherine Henriette/AFP/Getty Images) #
In the late evening of June 3, protesters set fire to an armored personnel carrier on Chang'an Avenue near Tiananmen Square. This picture was the last image Mr. Widener took before being struck in the face by a stray brick thrown by a protester. Though he sustained a serious concussion, his Nikon F3 titanium camera absorbed the blow and spared his life. 'It was a big news event, but for me personally, it also had an effect. I was almost killed,' he said.
Jeff Widener/Associated Press
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AP Photographer Jeff Widener's Photos From China's 1989 Crackdown on Protesters in Tiananmen Square - WSJ
http://online.wsj.com/articles/ap-photographer-jeff-wideners-photos-from-chinas-1989-crackdown-on-protesters-in-tiananmen-square-1401273655#3
Tiananmen Square, Then and Now - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/tiananmen-square-then-and-now/100311/
Tiananmen Square Protests | Goddess of Democracy
http://asianhistory.about.com/od/china/ig/Tiananmen-Photo-Gallery/Goddess-of-Democracy.htm
Pro-democracy protesters link arms to hold back angry crowds, preventing them from chasing a retreating group of soldiers near the Great Hall of the People, on June 3, 1989 in Beijing. Protesters were angered by an earlier attack upon students and citizens using tear gas and truncheons. People in the background stand atop buses used as a roadblock. (AP Photo/Mark Avary) #
A dissident student asks soldiers to go back home as crowds flooded into the central Beijing, on June 3, 1989. (Catherine Henriette/AFP/Getty Images) #
Exhausted, humiliated soldiers are hustled away by protesters in central Beijing, on June 3, 1989. (Catherine Henriette/AFP/Getty Images) #
A huge crowd gathers at a Beijing intersection where residents used a bus as a roadblock to keep troops from advancing toward Tiananmen Square in this June 3, 1989 photo. (AP Photo/Jeff Widener) #
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Tiananmen Square, Then and Now - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/tiananmen-square-then-and-now/100311/
Tiananmen Square 25th Anniversary: How the Uprising and Massacre Unfolded
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/tiananmen-square-25th-anniversary-how-uprising-massacre-unfolded-1450263
A young woman is caught between civilians and Chinese soldiers, who were trying to remove her from an assembly near the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, June 3, 1989. A deadly crackdown on pro-democracy protesters who had been occupying Tiananmen Square began the next day.
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25 Years On, Mothers Of Tiananmen Square Dead Seek Answers
http://www.gpb.org/news/2014/05/20/25-years-on-mothers-of-tiananmen-square-dead-seek-answers
25 Years On, Mothers Of Tiananmen Square Dead Seek Answers | NPR Berlin
http://nprberlin.de/post/25-years-mothers-tiananmen-square-dead-seek-answers
A huge crowd gathers to watch as student protestors burn copies of the Beijing Daily in retaliation for anti-student articles in front of the newspaper's offices, on June 2, 1989. (AP Photo/Jeff Widener) #
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Tiananmen Square, Then and Now - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/tiananmen-square-then-and-now/100311/
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Chai Ling speaks at the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989.
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Chai Ling: 'I Forgive Them': On the 23rd Anniversary of the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chai-ling/tiananmen-china_b_1565235.html
劉曉波(拿話筒者)1989年6月2日在天安門廣場上與侯德健(右二)、周舵(右一)及高新(右四)發起四君子絕食,支持學生。(本刊資料)
把激進煎熬成溫和◎ 蘇曉康  http://www.open.com.hk/old_version/1011p39.html
天安門四君子之一周舵認為放下敵我才能推動民主 - Yahoo 新聞香港
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Tiananmen Square, May 1989, Helene Chung
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2 June 1989: Thousands of people defy martial law to gather around the Goddess of Democracy: a 10m replica of the Statue of Liberty.AFP
Tiananmen Square 25th Anniversary: How the Uprising and Massacre Unfolded
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/tiananmen-square-25th-anniversary-how-uprising-massacre-unfolded-1450263
Scores of demonstrators gather at Tiananmen Square on June 2, 1989.
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25 Years After Tiananmen Square, Blank Memories, Muffled Voices in China - US News
http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/06/04/25-years-after-tiananmen-square-blank-memories-muffled-voices-in-china
Standing tall A Chinese youth at a demonstration in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square on June 1, 1989
Eric Bouvet—Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images
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June 1: As the occupation continues, a young girl dances on the square.
Associated Press
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A Look Back at the Tiananmen Square Protests - WSJ
http://online.wsj.com/articles/a-look-back-at-the-tiananmen-square-protests-1401839445
A senior citizen airs her views on democracy in a discussion with striking students, on May 31, 1989 in Tiananmen Square. (AP Photo/Jeff Widener) #
A plainclothes policeman tells students protesting in front of Beijing police headquarters that their activities violate martial law, on May 30, 1989, in Beijing. (AP Photo/Mark Avery) #
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Tiananmen Square, Then and Now - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/tiananmen-square-then-and-now/100311/
In the early morning on June 4, soldiers backed by tanks and armored cars toppled the Goddess of Democracy statue, which was modeled after the Statue of Liberty in the U.S. The Goddess of Democracy directly faced the portrait of Mao Zedong at the entrance of the Forbidden City and is an enduring symbol of the student protests
Jeff Widener/Associated Press
AP Photographer Jeff Widener's Photos From China's 1989 Crackdown on Protesters in Tiananmen Square - WSJ
http://online.wsj.com/articles/ap-photographer-jeff-wideners-photos-from-chinas-1989-crackdown-on-protesters-in-tiananmen-square-1401273655#3
May 30: The Statue of Liberty-like Goddess of Democracy is erected in Tiananmen Square.
Associated Press
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http://online.wsj.com/articles/a-look-back-at-the-tiananmen-square-protests-1401839445
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http://asianhistory.about.com/od/china/ig/Tiananmen-Photo-Gallery/Goddess-of-Democracy.htm
A student from an art institute plasters the neck of a "Goddess of Democracy", a 10-meter-tall statue erected in Tiananmen Square on May 30, 1989. The statue was unveiled in front of the Great Hall of the People (right) and the monument to the People's Heroes (center) to promote the pro-democracy protest against the Chinese government. From a statement released by the art students who created the statue: "Today, here in the People's Square, the people's Goddess stands tall and announces to the whole world: A consciousness of democracy has awakened among the Chinese people! The new era has begun!" (Catherine Henriette/AFP/Getty Images) #
Beijing University students put the finishing touches on the Goddess of Democracy in Tiananmen Square, on May 30, 1989. (AP Photo/Jeff Widener) #
Beijing University students listen as a strike spokesman details plans for a rally in Tiananmen Square, which they have occupied for the last two weeks, on May 28, 1989. (AP Photo/Jeff Widener) #
A sanitation worker cleans Tiananmen Square after it was occupied by protesters on May 26, 1989.
IMAGE: JEFF WIDENER/ASSOCIATED PRESS
25 May 1989: Workers in a digger shout slogans as they drive in front of the Forbidden City during a rally to support the pro-democracy protest.AFP
May 23: Some protesters throw paint at the giant portrait of Mao Zedong overlooking Tiananmen Square, but are seized by other protesters and turned over to authorities. Troops pull back to the outskirts of Beijing.
Associated Press
Workmen try to drape the portrait of Mao Tse-tung in Beijing's Tiananmen Square after it was pelted with paint, on May 23, 1989. (Reuters/Ed Nachtrieb) #
A military helicopter drops leaflets above Tiananmen Square which state that the student protesters should leave the Square as soon as possible, on May 22, 1989. (Reuters/Shunsuke Akatsuka) #
May 22: Raising a banner reading 'Lift Martial Law and Protect the Capital,' journalists from the People's Daily lead a march toward Tiananmen Square in an authorized demonstration in support of pro-democracy students.
AFP/Getty Images
Pro-democracy demonstrators raise their fists and flash the victory sign in Beijing while stopping a military truck filled with soldiers on its way to Tiananmen Square on the day when then Prime Minister Li Peng declared Martial Law, May 20, 1989. (Catherine Henriette/AFP/Getty Images) #
An unidentified mother introduces her son to a soldier on an army truck, 8 kilometers west of Tiananmen Square, in Beijing, on May 20, 1989. Citizens had surrounded and stopped the force. (AP Photo/Sadayuki Mikami) #
May 20: On the day martial law is declared in Beijing, a Beijing University student reads a list of goals of the Tiananmen Square occupation to People's Liberation Army troops. The troops, en route to the square, are turned back by the crowds.
Associated Press
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A Look Back at the Tiananmen Square Protests - WSJ
http://online.wsj.com/articles/a-look-back-at-the-tiananmen-square-protests-1401839445
Tiananmen Square, Then and Now - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/tiananmen-square-then-and-now/100311/
Tiananmen Square 25th Anniversary: How the Uprising and Massacre Unfolded
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/tiananmen-square-25th-anniversary-how-uprising-massacre-unfolded-1450263
China Cuts Off Google Services Before Tiananmen Square Anniversary
http://mashable.com/2014/06/03/china-blocks-google-tiananmen-square/
Reuters
Residents of Beijing surrounded soldiers to prevent them from continuing to Tiananmen Square on May 20, 1989 after martial law was declared.
Tiananmen Square massacre: Look back on how the crackdown unfolded - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-04/how-the-tiananmen-square-massacre-unfolded/5496454
Q & A: Chen Guang on the Soldiers Who Retook Tiananmen Square - 纽约时报中文网 国际纵览
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-04/how-the-tiananmen-square-massacre-unfolded/5496454
Chinese leader Zhao Ziyang supported students during their protests on Tiananmen Square in 1989. The man standing to the right is a young Wen Jiabao, now China's Premier.
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Chinese leader Zhao Ziyang supported students during their protests on Tiananmen Square in 1989. The man standing to the right is a young Wen Jiabao, now China's Premier. - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-04-09/chinese-leader-zhao-ziyang-supported-students/1646264
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Tiananmen | Iconic Photos  http://iconicphotos.wordpress.com/tag/tiananmen/
19 May 1989: The late Zhao Ziyang, then secretary general of the Communist Party of China, addresses hunger strikers through a megaphone.AFP
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Tiananmen Square 25th Anniversary: How the Uprising and Massacre Unfolded
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/tiananmen-square-25th-anniversary-how-uprising-massacre-unfolded-1450263
CATHERINE HENRIETTE / AFP - GETTY IMAGES, FILE
Wu'er Kaixi walks past a police line with a fellow student at Tiananmen Square in Beijing on May 19, 1989. Beijing-born Wu’er, a member of the country’s ethnic Uighur minority, sprang to prominence for confronting then Premier Li Peng during a hunger strike in May, 1989.
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http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/one-tiananmen-exile-wish-return-china-no-matter-cost-n121521
Unidentified Beijing youths chant as they drive to Tiananmen Square to lend their enthusiastic support to striking university students, on May 19, 1989. (AP Photo/Sadayuki Mikami) #
Beijing police parade through Tiananmen Square carrying banners in support of striking University students, on May 19, 1989. The students were in the sixth day of their hunger strike for political reform. (AP Photo/Sadayuki Mikami) #
Students from Beijing University stage a huge demonstration in Tiananmen Square as they start an unlimited hunger strike as the part of mass pro-democracy protest against the Chinese government, on May 18, 1989. (Catherine Henriette/AFP/Getty Images) #
Enthusiastic demonstrators are cheered by bystanders as they arrive at Tiananmen Square to show support for the student hunger strike, on May 18, 1989. (AP Photo/Sadayuki Mikami) #
18 May 1989: Chinese workers parade through Beijing streets on motorbikes in support of hunger strikers in Tiananmen Square.AFP
May 18: Beijing magistrates wearing court uniforms join workers demonstrating in the streets in support of student hunger strikers. That same day, Premier Li Peng summons several student leaders for a televised meeting at the Great Hall of the People.
AFP/Getty Images
A truck is almost buried in people as it makes its way through the crowd of thousands gathered in Tiananmen Square in a pro-democracy rally, on May 17, 1989. (AP Photo/Sadayuki Mikami) #
17 May 1989: Students from Beijing University receive first aid in a makeshift tent in Tiananmen Square, during the fifth day of their hunger strike.AFP
17 May 1989: A group of journalists support the pro-democracy protest in Tiananmen SquareReuters
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Tiananmen Square 25th Anniversary: How the Uprising and Massacre Unfolded
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/tiananmen-square-25th-anniversary-how-uprising-massacre-unfolded-1450263
Tiananmen Square, Then and Now - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/tiananmen-square-then-and-now/100311/
A Look Back at the Tiananmen Square Protests - WSJ
http://online.wsj.com/articles/a-look-back-at-the-tiananmen-square-protests-1401839445
May 16: Employees of Central China Television, the country's state broadcaster, flash their press cards as they join student strikers for democracy in Tiananmen Square.
AP
May 15: Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev arrives for a historic summit to normalize relations between China and the then-communist superpower. The timing of the visit presents the government with difficult questions, including whether to proceed at all, given the hundreds of thousands of students already massing at Tiananmen Square. The large contingent of journalists on hand for the summit provides a publicity bonanza for the protesters, sending images and footage of the square around the world.
Associated Press
May 13: Motivated by growing discontent over official corruption, human-rights abuses and societal restrictions, protests continue. Several hundred students begin a hunger strike.
Catherine Henriette/AFP/Getty Images
Thousands of students from local colleges and universities march to Tiananmen Square, Beijing, on May 4, 1989, to demonstrate for government reform. (AP Photo/Mikami) #
Chinese student-leader Wang Dan addresses foreign correspondents in Beijing, May 1, 1989.

May 1: Chinese student leader Wang Dan addresses fellow students during a demonstration in Tiananmen Square. His headband reads 'hunger strike.'
Associated Press
A student displays a banner with one of the slogans chanted by the crowd of some 200,000 pouring into Tiananmen Square, on April 22, 1989 in Beijing. They were attempting to participate in the funeral ceremony of former Chinese Communist Party leader and liberal reformer Hu Yaobang, during an unauthorized demonstration to mourn his death. His death in April triggered an unprecedented wave of pro-democracy demonstrations. (Catherine Henriette/AFP/Getty Images) #
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Tiananmen Square, Then and Now - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/tiananmen-square-then-and-now/100311/
AOL.com Article - Flashback to 1989 at Tiananmen Square
http://www.aol.com/article/2014/06/03/flashback-to-1989-at-tiananmen-square/20905813/
Tiananmen Square massacre: Look back on how the crackdown unfolded - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-04/how-the-tiananmen-square-massacre-unfolded/5496454
A Look Back at the Tiananmen Square Protests - WSJ
http://online.wsj.com/articles/a-look-back-at-the-tiananmen-square-protests-1401839445
Remembering Tiananmen Square Protests Photos | Image #2 - ABC News
http://abcnews.go.com/International/photos/remembering-tiananmen-square-protests-23971425/image-23972213
April 27: A day after a front-page editorial in Communist Party's People's Daily denounced the student protests and called the movement a conspiracy to 'plunge the whole country into chaos and sabotage,' soldiers confront the protesters but allow them to pass unharmed.
Associated Press
April 22: Several hundred of the 200,000 pro-democracy student protesters sit face to face with police outside the Great Hall of the People in Tiananmen Square as they took part in Hu's funeral ceremony.
AFP/Getty Images
April 21: Tens of thousands of people crowd at the Martyr's Monument at Tiananmen Square.
Associated Press
April 19: Thousands gather at Beijing's Tiananmen Square to mark the death of former Communist Party General Secretary Hu Yaobang, who had promoted political and social change before being ousted by party leaders in 1987.
Associated Press
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A Look Back at the Tiananmen Square Protests - WSJ
http://online.wsj.com/articles/a-look-back-at-the-tiananmen-square-protests-1401839445
On April 15, 1989, Hu Yaobang dies from a heart attack, providing the catalyst for the beginnings of the protest.
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Tiananmen Square massacre: Look back on how the crackdown unfolded - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-04/how-the-tiananmen-square-massacre-unfolded/5496454
Tiananmen Square, 25 Years Ago - In Focus - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2014/06/tiananmen-square-25-years-ago/100751/

Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
June Fourth Incident (六四事件
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989
六四事件 - 維基百科,自由的百科全書
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6

陳達鉦「黃雀行動」營救六四民運人士 - 纽约时报中文网 国际纵览
http://cn.nytimes.com/china/20140608/c08tiananmen/zh-hant/
吾爾開希:我是一個多重身份的自由主義者 - 纽约时报中文网 国际纵览
http://cn.nytimes.com/china/20140609/c09wuerkaixiqa/zh-hant/
Q & A: Chen Guang on the Soldiers Who Retook Tiananmen Square - 纽约时报中文网 国际纵览
http://cn.nytimes.com/china/20140603/c03chenguangqa/en-us/
老兵陳光憶六四,曾參加天安門清場 - 纽约时报中文网 国际纵览
http://cn.nytimes.com/china/20140603/c03chenguangqa/zh-hant/
侯德健與柴玲對質 (天安門廣場大屠殺事件) - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSR9zgY1QgU
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