World War I, 第一次世界大戰

奧匈帝國的王儲弗蘭西斯·斐迪南大公及其妻子在波斯尼亞的薩拉熱窩被塞爾維亞的民族主義者加夫里洛·普林齊普刺殺。這引發了6個星期後第一次大戰的爆發。行刺事件後，奧匈帝國在德國的支持下向塞爾維亞發最後通牒，並不久隨即宣戰，導致長達4年、波及世界的一次大戰。

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第一次世界大戰大事記：戰爭開始的前6個月 - BBC中文網 - 互動
http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/interactive/2014/06/140628_wwi_timeline_first6months_embargo.shtml
Briton gives birth on NYC street - World News - NewsLocker
http://www.newslocker.com/en-uk/news/world_news/briton-gives-birth-on-nyc-street/

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, in Sarajevo from an Italian newspaper illustration by Achille Beltrame. (Courtesy of the National World War I Museum in Kansas City, Mo.)
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Assassination leading to World War I plays out again in tweets #KU_WWI - The Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/wp/2014/06/28/assassination-leading-to-world-war-i-plays-out-again-in-tweets-ku_wwi/

普林齊普（右二）在槍擊了斐迪南大公夫婦後被捕。

THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Police capture a suspect, second from right, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. Princip fired the shots that assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie.
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How an archduke met an assassin on a Sarajevo street | Toronto Star
http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2014/06/28/how_an_archduke_met_an_assassin_on_a_sarajevo_street.html
一戰導火索：撼動世界的薩拉熱窩行刺 - BBC中文網 - 國際
http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2014/06/140628_wwi_sarajevo_vj.shtml
波斯尼亞紀念斐迪南大公遇刺100週年 - BBC中文網 - 國際
http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2014/06/140628_sarajevo_100_years.shtml

Global Conflict. 全球衝突

Annamese (colonial troops from French Indochina) disembarking at Camp Saint-Raphael. Over the course of the war, nearly 100,000 Indochinese were deployed in Europe, most as laborers, but several thousand also served in combat battalions. (Bibliotheque nationale de France)

German Vice Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee's cruiser squadron, leaving Valparaiso, Chile, on November 3, 1914, following the Battle of Coronel. During the battle, von Spee's group defeated a Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock, sinking two cruisers and killing more than 1,500 men. One minth later, the British tracked down von Spee's group and started the Battle of the Falkland Islands, sinking or capturing all of the German ships, killing more than 1,800, including the german Vice Admiral. (U.S. Naval Historical Center) #

Guns removed from the wreck of the SMS Konigsberg. The Germans recovered Konigsberg's ten 105-millimeter (4.1 in) quick-firing guns, mounted them on improvised field carriages, carried them away, and used them with great success as powerful field guns in their guerrilla campaign against the Allies around East Africa. (Deutsches Bundesarchiv) #

Convoy of Spahis, North African light cavalry soldiers, in Francport, France, October 29 1914. (Library of Congress) #

A Japanese siege gun brought up for the bombardment of Tsingtao (Qingdao), China in 1914. One of the detachment is receiving orders by telephone from the battery commander. Tsingtao was then a German port, under attack by the British and their allies, the Japanese. (Illustrated War News, 1914) #

Russia entered World War I with an army which was massive but badly armed. Russia suffered quick body blows from Germany and went on to one disaster after another. It lost 1,650,000 men killed, 3,850,000 wounded and 2,410,000 prisoners before the 1917 revolution which ousted the tsar and ended Russia's part in the war. Here reservists, accompanied by relatives, are called up in St. Petersburg as the army was assembled. (AP Photo) #

An Australian bringing in a wounded comrade to hospital. Dardanelles Campaign, ca. 1915. (NARA/US War Dept) #

Russian cossacks on horseback, ca 1915. (Library of Congress) #

Original caption: "Russian Troops in Flight. A remarkable photograph of a scene which followed the recent revolt of Russian troops on the Eastern front. The photo illustrates the first mad rush of the Slavic soldiers at a point of the line, where a cry was raises: 'The German cavalry have broken through.' With the raising of the cry the mad stampede started and not one of the runners paused for breath until he had put several miles between him and the firing line." (National World War I Museum, Kansas City, Missouri, USA) #

Chinese labourers at a roll-call in France, during World War I. The coastal towns of China and Hong Kong, where Britain still had some influence, were the main areas from which Chinese labourers were recruited. Over 320,000 were recruited for service with the Allied Forces despite the fact that China was engrossed in her own domestic turmoil. (National Library of Scotland) #

Infantry lines North of Jerusalem, near Nebi Samuel, 1917. The Battle of Jerusalem ended up with British forces taking control of Jerusalem from the Ottoman Empire. (Library of Congress) #

Young Russian women, having won distinction at the front with decorations, are part of the staff of instructors to inspire new recruits. February, 1918. (Library of Congress) #

Annamese (French Indochinese) soldiers clean their guns in the district of the Marne. (Library of Congress/French official Photo, War of the Nations, New York Times, 1919) #

The Russians arrive in Marseille. France had asked Russia for help on the Western Front, and Russia responded by sending five Special Brigades -- nearly 45,000 soldiers -- in 1916. (Bibliotheque nationale de France) #

German and Austrian prisoners of war in Russia. A few of the more than 1,800,000 Central Powers forces captured on the Eastern Front during the war. (Library of Congress) #

British troops landing to assist Japanese troops in capturing Tsingtao from Germany, in 1914. (Illustrated War News, 1914) #

Ready for Russian rush - German machine guns devastated the masses of Russians rushing at them in attack. By the end of the first winter one Russian in four went into the field without a gun. Here German infantrymen aim their machine guns at the Russians from a trench on the Vistula River in Russia, in 1916. (AP Photo) #

Soldiers, possibly Russian, going through a barbed wire entanglement. (National World War I Museum, Kansas City, Missouri, USA) #

Slavo-British troops with Lewis guns. These troops were native Russians in British uniforms and commanded by the British. A British officer is on the right of the gunner in the photo. (National Archives) #

Austrian soldiers mete out punishment to Russian prisoners. Austria-Hungary took over a million prisoners of war during the Great War, the vast majority being Russians. Using POW labor, the Austro-Hungarians built large POW and civilian internment camps, usually near near major railway lines, which supported the transportation of prisoners and supplies. (Brett Butterworth) #

Gas masks in use in Mesopotamia in 1918. (Bibliotheque nationale de France) #

General Kamio, Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Army at the formal entry of Tsingtao, December, 1914. The Germans had surrendered after a two-month-long blockade and a week-long siege, suffering the loss of 200 men. 4,700 German prisoners were sent to internment camps in Japan, remaining there for nearly six years. (Paul Thompson/New York Times) #
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World War I in Photos: Global Conflict - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/static/infocus/wwi/global/

Poignant: A rare set of original prints has cast light on soldiers' everyday life in the First World War 100 years after fighting began. In one, soldiers attach a message to a collie dog which would then be sent through No Man's Land. They would not have been spared by German snipers, but were small and quick enough to avoid them

WW1 photographs reveal the reality of life on the Western Front | Mail Online
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2679205/War-lens-Poignant-photos-reveal-reality-life-Western-Front-First-World-War-troops-used-border-collie-send-message-no-mans-land.html#ixzz36RewTHry
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Global Conflict, Armistice. 全球衝突, 停戰協定

A soldier of Company K, 110th Regt. Infantry (formerly 3rd and 10th Inf., Pennsylvania National Guard), just wounded, receiving first-aid treatment from a comrade. Varennes-en-Argonne, France, on September 26, 1918. (U.S. Army/U.S. National Archives)

German soldiers (rear) offer to surrender to French troops, seen from a listening post in a trench at Massiges, northeastern France. (Reuters/Collection Odette Carrez) #

A series of trenches, structures on fire, in a French war zone during World War I. (State Library of South Australia) #

A French soldier aiming an anti-aircraft machine gun from a trench at Perthes les Hurlus, eastern France. (Reuters/Collection Odette Carrez) #

(1 of 2) Street scene in Exermont. Beginning the night of September 30, 1918, the U.S. 1st Division advanced seven km down the Aire Valley in the face of German resistance, suffering 8,500 casualties. Photo taken while Exermont was still being shelled. See this same scene in 2010, on Wikipedia. (U.S. Army Signal Corps) #

(2 of 2) A moment after the preceding picture was taken, the warning screech of an incoming shell was heard, and the men scrambled for cover. (U.S. Army Signal Corps) #

Lens, France, the devastated coal mining region of northern France, 220 coal pits rendered useless. (Library of Congress) #

(1 of 2) German storm troops race to occupy a newly-made mine crater near Ripent (Champagne). (National Archives/Official German Photograph) #

A British firing squad prepares to execute a German spy somewhere in Great Britain, date unknown. (AP Photo) #

US Army 37-mm gun crew manning their weapon on September 26, 1918 during the World War I Meuse-Argonne (Maas-Argonne) Allied offensive, France. (AP Photo) #

German troops cross a field, ca. 1918. (National Archive/Official German Photograph of WWI) #

Royal Air Force planes being loaded with munitions in France. (National Library of Scotland) #

Mother and child wearing gas masks, French countryside, 1918. (Bibliotheque nationale de France) #

Scene in Mons, Belgium when the Canadian army arrived in 1917 shortly before the Battle of Vimy Ridge. Crowds welcomed the Canadian soldiers who were piped through the streets by Canadian pipers. (AP Photo) #

A shattered church in the ruins of Neuvilly becomes a temporary shelter for American wounded being treated by the 110th Sanitary Train, 4th Ambulance Corps. France, on September 20, 1918. (NARA/Sgt. J. A. Marshall/U.S. Army) #

Toward the end of 1918, the Central Powers began to collapse. The Allies had pushed them out of France during the Hundred Days Offensive, and strikes, mutinies and desertion became rampant. An armistice was negotiated, and hostilities ended on November 11, 1918. Months of negotiation followed, leading to a final Peace Treaty. Here, Allied leaders and officials gather in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles for the signing of the peace Treaty of Versailles in France on June 28, 1919. The peace treaty mandate for Germany, negotiated during the Paris Peace Conference in January, is represented by Allied leaders French premier George Clemenceau, standing, center; U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, seated at left; Italian foreign minister Giorgio Sinnino; and British prime minister Lloyd George. (AP Photo) #

Soldiers in a field wave their helmets and cheer on Armistice Day, November 11, 1918, location unknown. (AP Photo) #

Americans in the midst of the celebration on the Grand Boulevard on Armistice Day for World War I in Paris, France, on November 11, 1918. (AP Photo/U.S. Army Signal Corps) #

The announcing of the armistice on November 11, 1918, was the occasion for a monster celebration in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Thousands massed on all sides of the replica of the Statue of Liberty on Broad Street, and cheered unceasingly. (NARA) #

A Marine kisses a woman during a homecoming parade at the end of World War I, in 1919. (AP Photo) #
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World War I in Photos: The Western Front Part II, and Armistice - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/static/infocus/wwi/westernfront2/
Il y a 100 ans : l'attentat de Sarajevo, étincelle de la Première guerre mondiale - SudOuest.fr
http://www.sudouest.fr/2014/06/28/il-y-a-100-ans-l-attentat-de-sarajevo-etincelle-de-la-premiere-guerre-mondiale-1598902-5138.php

Unity: A picture titled 'Prisoners of the British Army', taken in 1918, was taken from a private collection in France. It forms part of 'The War That Ended Peace' project

Moving images from the First World War go on display to mark its centenary | Mail Online
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2681166/Moving-images-depicting-prisoners-war-walking-wounded-acts-kindness-First-World-War-display-mark-centenary.html#ixzz38WBAaBSy
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Armistice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armistice
停戰協定 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%9C%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A

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